The Public Safety Diving Association (PSDA) recognizes and approves of the PSDiver continuing education program.  Each month’s Q&A program is equivalent to 1 CEU for renewal.  PSDA & Water Rescue members may submit up to a maximum of 3 CEUs from this source for each year’s renewal.  www.publicsafetydiving.net 

Emergency Response Diving International (ERDI)Recognizes and supports the PSDiver Monthly CE Program. Contact your ERDI Instructor for details. http://tdisdi.com/index.php?site=4

CONTINUING EDUCATION-28

 
1)   What is Absolute Pressure?

1. 0 PSI

2. 14.7 PSI

3. total pressure from all sources such as atmosphere and water

4. Pressure at Sea Level

 
2)   Most water fatalities could be prevented if the victim had been wearing _________.

1. Swim Fins

2. Underwear

3. An Electronic Alert Beacon

4. A PFD

 3)   Search divers are often hampered by ____.

1. Poor Visibility

2. Cold Water

3. Poor Location

4. All of the Above

 
4)   Under sea water the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 changes at a rate of ________ feet.                                                                             

1. 33

2. 15

3. 7.5

4. 1

 5)   When should weights be removed?

1. After Fins and BCD

2. Before Fins and BCD

3. At the bottom before ascending

4. At the end of the day

 
6)   What is a “CD” Diver?

1. Course Director

2. Clearance Diver

3. Certified Diver

4. Canadian Diver

 7)   What is Atmospheric Pressure?

a.     Air Pressure in the Ionosphere

b.     The pressure exerted by the earth's atmosphere at any given point at sea level

c.      14.7 PSI + .33 for each feet of elevation

d.     The weight of 1 cubic foot of air at 1 foot

 
8)   When multi level diving, deeper dives are done: _____________

1. Last

2. Anytime

3. Never

4. First

 
9)   The first thing to do in an emergency is:

1. Stop, Breathe, Think, Act

2. Rapidly ascend to the surface

3. Drop your weights

4. Buddy Breathe

 10)         The maximum bottom time for a dive to 75 feet is ______?

1. 35 minutes

2. 80 minutes

3. 25 minutes

4. 1 hour

11)         Nitrogen narcosis is _________?

1. Drinking and Diving

2. Impaired thought process

3. Lack of Nitrogen in breathing air

4. A Caribbean disease

 
12)         There are adjusted table for diving at or above __________ feet MSL.

1. 5000

2. 10000

3. 1000

4. none

 
13)         Most of the recreational community defines deep dives as a dive below _________  feet.

1. 50

2. 60

3. 70

4. 80

14)         A no decompression dive means you do not dive deeper than 150 feet.

1. True

2. False

3. You do not make a safety stop

4. Only commercial divers can decompress

 
15)         On a night dive it is ok to not use a buddy because

1. You can’t see at night

2. You have an independent light source

3. You might blind your buddy with your light

4. You should always dive with a buddy

    16)         The front of a boat is called ________?

1. Stern

2. Bow

3. Head

4. The front

 
17)         You should always start your dive into the current when possible?

1. True

2. False

3. Never dive in a current

4. Always drift with the current

18)         You should never use your BCD for lifting anything.

1. True

2. False

 
Discussion Topics

 
What steps would you use to locate a missing item when the last seen point is only a general location?

Describe and practice the guidelines for assisting a tired diver at the surface.

CONTINUING EDUCATION-28-Answers

1____                  2____

3____                  4____

5____                  6____

7____                  8____

 9____                 10____

11____                12____

13____                14____

15____                16____

17____                18____

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-29

 
1.      The weight that seawater exerts on an object underwater equals 64.043 pounds for every cubic foot of water above it. Pressure is generally expressed in pounds per square inch (psi). Therefore, in seawater, every foot of water depth exerts a pressure of _________ psi/ft?

 
2.      The absolute pressure at any depth in pounds per square inch is given by:

 
           P             =   P       +    P

  absolute        gauge      atmosphere

 
At the surface, what is the absolute pressure in an 80 cf AL cylinder with a gauge pressure reading 2450?

3.      A ping-pong ball is submerged to a depth of 25 feet where it collapses, what is the absolute pressure at that depth?

4.      If the temperature is kept constant, the volume of a gas will vary inversely as the absolute pressure while the density will vary as the pressure.

 This is known as whose law?

 
5.                            The above law represents one of the most useful relationships for underwater calculations. How is it expressed in a formula?

 
6.      It is a fact that gas volume doubles on ascent between 33 feet and the surface.  When air is used to loft objects from the bottom, the last 33 feet of the ascent will make or break the lifting operation.

This statement is ________True,  _______ False

7.      Water is an excellent conductor of sound because the molecular structure of air is dense relative to water.

 
This statement is ________True,  _______ False

 
All the above questions originated from the Diver’s Handbook of Underwater Calculations by Wayne C. Tucker. ISBN# 0-87033-254-6

8.      Public Safety Diving, Underwater Investigation Diving and Police Diving are the same.

 
This statement is ________True,  _______ False

 
9.      According to BJA statistics, Most murders and victims are well acquainted.

 
This statement is ________True,  _______ False

 
10.    Drowning victims are most often found near the last seen point unless acted upon by current.

This statement is ________True,  _______ False

CONTINUING EDUCATION-30

 No CE in this Issue

CONTINUING EDUCATION-31

1) Water is able to conduct heat far more efficiently 

     than air because it is more:

 
          a)      less dense than air

          b)      more dense than air

          c)       more fluid than air

          d)      less fluid than air

 
2) Divers can suffer from hypothermia when diving

    in 82 deg F. water.

 
          a)      True              b)     False

3) Light is made up of ______, while sound is

    comprised of ________.

 
          a)      heat energy/air

          b)      electromagnetic waves/pressure

                  variations

          c)       infrared energy/ultraviolet energy

          d)      kinetic energy/potential energy

4) The specific gravity of pure water is:

 
          a)      0.0

          b)      1.0

          c)       it varies according to where on earth it is

                  measured

          d)      it cannot be determined except in a

                 vacuum

5) The absolute pressure at a depth of 300 feet of

      seawater is:

 
          a)      118.8 PSI

          b)      133.5 PSI

          c)       148.2 PSI

          d)      the answer cannot be determined from 

                  the data provided

 
6) The gauge pressure at 75 feet of depth in fresh

     water is:

 
          a)      32.4 PSI

          b)      47.1 PSI

          c)       61.8 PSI

          d)      the answer cannot be determined from

                  the data provided

 
7) The air that a diver breathes from a scuba tank at   

     165 feet is ______ as dense as the air breathed 

     from the same tank at the surface.

          a)      10 times             b)         6 times

          c)       5 times               d)         exactly

8) A diver has an air consumption rate of 25 psi per

  minute. At the surface, if all factors but depth remain unchanged what will his consumption rate be at 132 feet?

          a)      50 psi/minute

          b)      75 psi/minute

          c)       100 psi/minute

          d)      125 psi/minute

 
9) A balloon is filled with 1 cubic foot of air at room

    temperature. Describe what will happen if the

    balloon is put into a freezer.

 
          a)      The volume would increase

          b)      The volume would decrease

          c)       The volume would remain unchanged but

                  the pressure would decrease

          d)      The volume and the pressure would

                  remain unchanged

 
10) A scuba tank is filled to capacity at room

      temperature. Describe what would happen to

      that tank if it was taken on an ice dive (water at

      or near freezing.

 
          a)      The volume would increase

          b)      The volume would decrease

          c)       The volume would remain unchanged but

                 the pressure would decrease

          d)      The volume and the pressure would   

                 remain unchanged

CONTINUING EDUCATION-31

1____           2____

3____           4____

5____           6____

7____           8____

 9____          10____

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-32

1)   The practice of breathing deeply when scuba diving is important in order to compensate for the:

a.     increased dead-air space resulting from a snorkel or regulator

b.     reduced lung volume resulting from compression of the chest

c.      increased amount of alveolar carbon dioxide

d.     all of the above

 
2)   Carbon monoxide is difficult to detect because it:

a.     is inert

b.     has a sedating effect on the diver

c.      is odorless and tasteless

d.     all of the above are correct

 
3)   Carbon monoxide bonds with hemoglobin over ____times more readily than oxygen can, and takes _______ for the circulatory system to eliminate it.

a.     200/8-12 hours

b.     100/4-6 hours

c.      50/2-4

d.     20/30 minutes

4)   In a mixture of air comprised of 20% oxygen and 80 % nitrogen, at an ambient pressure of 15 psi, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

a.     3 psi

b.     6 psi

c.      12 psi

d.     15 psi

 
5)   A gas mixture is comprised of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 1% carbon dioxide. At a depth of 66 feet, what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen?

a.     22.93 psi

b.     34.39 psi

c.      78.00 psi

d.     The answer cannot be determined from the data provided

 
6)   A scuba tank is accidentally filled with 1% carbon monoxide. If a diver breathes air from this tank at a depth of 100 feet, approximately what percentage of carbon monoxide will he/she breathe?

a.     1%

b.     2%

c.      3%

d.     4%

 
7)   When a lung air sac bursts due to over pressure, this condition is referred to as:

a.     collapsed lung condition

b.     hypertension

c.      hyperthermia

d.     embolism

 
8)   The reflex respiratory center regulates breathing based primarily on the level of _________ in the blood.

a.     oxygen

b.     nitrogen

c.      carbon dioxide

d.     all of the above

 
9)   Grade “D” air and Grade ”E” differ only in the amount of moisture content.

a.     true

b.     false

 
10)                         The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are not as noticeable at depth because:

a.     high levels of oxygen are dissolved in the plasma allowing tissues to meet their oxygen requirement.

b.     high levels of nitrogen sedate the diver’s central nervous system, slowing metabolism.

c.      lower levels of carbon dioxide help to counteract the effects of carbon monoxide.

d.     lower levels of oxygen make the brain less sensitive and alert.

11)                         Barotrauma injuries only occur at deeper depths. IE; 100 feet or more due to increased pressure.

a.     true

b.     false
 

12)                         The carotid-sinus reflex is caused by an excessively tight

a.     exposure suit or boots that constrict the feet

b.     exposure suit that constricts the thorax

c.      exposure suit or hood that constricts the neck

d.     mask strap that constricts the head

DISCUSSION TOPICS

1)  Describe the effects of partial pressure as it relates to depth and tissue absorption.

2. Describe the primary differences in Grade “D” air and Grade “E” air with respect to partial pressures of a 1% gas of carbon monoxide and a 5% partial pressure of helium in the Grade “D” and only the 5% helium in the Grade “E” at a depth of 33 feet.

3. What effects will this have on the body tissues of a diver while at depth?

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-33

1)   What is Archimedes Principle?

a.     An object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

b.     Greek seafood is better than Gulf seafood

c.      An object will sink unless it has an air space

d.     all of the above

 
2)   Pressure _________ as depth increases.

a.     Decreases

b.     Increases

c.      There is no effect in depth changes

d.     Need more information

 
3)   Atmospheric pressure is:

a.     Pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere as it pushes upwards

b.     Does not vary with elevation

c.      13.6 PSI at sea level

d.     Pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere at sea level

 
4)   At sea level Gauge Pressure is ____ PSI while the pressure is really  ______ PSI:

a.     14.7, 13.7

b.     0, 14.7

c.      0,0

d.     At sea level the gauge does not read pressure.
 

5)   A rise in Temperature has what effect on a flexible container?

a.     It will expand

b.     It will collapse

c.      None

d.     The answer cannot be determined from the data provided

 
6)   Heating air in a rigid container will cause the air to _________;

a.     Increase in density

b.     Decrease in density

c.      Has no effect in a rigid container

d.     The answer cannot be determined from the data provided

 
7)   The best way to fill a lifting device is to use:

a.     The air in your BCD

b.     The air in your tank

c.      Surface supplied

d.     Spare tank

 
8)   An object weighing 3500 pounds at the surface will need ______ pounds of lift at 33 feet.

a.     3500

b.     9950

c.      1500

d.     Need more information

 
9)   You may only use Grade E air for lifting.

a.     True

b.     False

 
10)                      The correct formula to use for pressure/volume is:

a.     P1 ÷ V1  =  P2 ÷  V2

b.     P1 X V1  =  P2 X V2

c.      P1 - V1  =  P2 -  V2

d.     P1 + V1  +  P2 + V2

 
11)                      Using lifting devices without a pressure relief is _________;

a.     Unsafe

b.     Not recommended

c.      Is available only on commercial lift devices

d.     Is ok if the device is big enough

 
12)                      Large object lifting is the same as small objects and requires not additional training.

a.     True

b.     False

DISCUSSION TOPICS

 1) Describe the differences in Recreational lifts,  Heavy lifts and Commercial lifts.

 
2) Contrast the differences in lifting directly from the bottom and stage lifting.

 
3) Describe the benefits from using commercial lifting devices rated in pounds of lift from that of lift in Cubic Feet.

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-34

1. The first criteria for equipment selection is ________________?

   1. Fit and Comfort

   2. Price

   3. Looks

   4. all of the above

2. Which of the following designates the type of material used to construct the scuba tank?.

   1. 3AL

   2. 6@90

   3. 783459

   4. 3000

3. Steel tank that are appropriately marked can be filled to 10% over rating. This marking is ________.

   1. +10%

   2. 10%

   3. +++

   4. 2415+10

4. Visual tank inspections are only for recreational used tanks:

   1. True

   2. False

5. A rise in Temperature has what effect SCUBA tank filled with air?

   1. It will expand

   2. It will collapse

   3. Pressure will increase

   4. Pressure will decrease

6. Visual tank inspections should only be done once a year?

   1. True

   2. False

7. What safety device most likely prevents a tank from overpressure rupture?:

   1. Tank Gauge

   2. 2^nd stage regulator

   3. 1^st stage diaphram

   4. Burst Disk

8. A “J” on a tank indicates the valve is capable of higher pressure than a “K” valve.

   1. True

   2. False

9. BCD’s are to be selected on the amount of lift they can provide for retrieving objects underwater.

   1. True

   2. False

10.  Fin selection is based on the amount of kick pressure they develop.

    1. True

    2. False

11.  A cutting device is part of the initial configuration for a diver.

    1. True

    2. False

12.  Tanks are to be hydro inspected every ______ years.

    1. 10 years

    2. 8 years

    3. 5 years

    4. 3 years

Discussion Topics

 
Describe a visual inspection and list reasons for having the inspection

 
What are two advantages of a DIN adapter connector over the standard yoke screw type

 
Describe some of the types of information that may be in an equipment SOG

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-35

1)   Pick the three most common underwater search patterns.

a.     General, Specific, Rope Tendered

b.     Circle, Jack-Stay, Arc

c.      Jack-Stay, Shotgun, Radio Directed

d.     Free, Controlled, Circle

 
2)   Which of the following designates the type of material used to construct the scuba tank?.

a.     3AL

b.     6@90

c.      783459

d.     3000

 
3)   A one piece suit is dry while a two piece is wet.

a.     True

b.     False

 
4)   Ear plugs are use to aid in equalization of the inner ear.

a.     True

b.     False

 
5)   Pick two types of second stage valves.

a.     Open, Closed

b.     American, Euorpean

c.      Upstream, Downstream

d.     Downstream, Pilot

6)   A record of every dive should be kept unless the dive is recreational.

a.     True

b.     False

 
7)   A “Duck Foot” is

a.     A foot on a duck

b.     14” in length

c.      A Fin

d.     16” in length

 
8)   A low volume mask requires more effort to clear than a high volume due to the reduced pressure in the mask.

a.     True

b.     False

 
9)   The primary control for breathing is.

a.     Carbon monoxide

b.     Carbon dioxide

c.      Oxygen

d.     Amount of air breathed in

 
10)     Nitrogen has no effect on the body other than it is used to fill cells when at depth.

a.     True

b.     False 

 
11)     Mask squeeze is most effected by.

a.     Breath Holding

b.     Rapid Ascents

c.      Unclean masks

d.     Rapid descents

 
12)    Equipment maintenance is only performed by factory technicians.

a.     True

b.     False 

Discussion Topics

 
Describe the difference between a diaphragm and a piston first stage.

 
Describe the difference between balanced and unbalanced first stages.

 
Describe the difference between a second stage hose and a console hose

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-36

1)   Which of the following is recommended accessory equipment for divers.

a.     Cutting Tool(s), Compass, Whistle

b.     Cutting Tools, Spare Rope

c.      Flashlight, extra weights in pockets

d.      Spare suit, Mask, Fins

 
2)   Night diving includes:

a.     Flashlight

b.     Backup flashlight

c.      Compass

d.     All of the above

 
3)   Buddy diving is recommended for two or more divers.

a.     True

b.     False

 
4)   Dive plans provide rescuers an idea of your profile.

a.     True

b.     False

 
5)   After each dive you should.

a.     Clean equipment

b.     Clean equipment and your buddies

c.      Clean equipment and inspect

d.     Clean equipment and perform factory maintenance

 
6)   A record of every dive should be kept in a log book.

a.     True

b.     False

 
7)   Spare straps should be in the safety kit for:

a.     Mask

b.     Fins

c.      Mask and Fins

d.     None, use Duct Tape

 
8)   A repetitive dive is one that is deeper than the first dive within 6 hours

a.     True

b.     False

 
9)   Water temperatures below 70F require a _________ for best safety.

a.     3mm wet

b.     5mm wet

c.      7mm semi wet/dry

d.     Dry Suit

 
10)                      Hypothermia occurs only below water temps of 50F.

a.     True

b.     False 

 
11)                      In extremely cold water a full face mask helps keep the face warm by using:

a.     A completely sealed mask covering the entire exposed face.

b.     Warm air from the tank

c.      Exhaled breath from the diver

d.     A and C

 
12)                      Diver safety means not deviating from dive plans or procedures even though conditions may change.

a.     True

b.     False 

Discussion Topics

 
Describe the effects on a neoprene cell at differing depths.

 
List three uses for a dry suit.

 
Compare Grade “D” air and Grade “E” air

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-37

    Match the following terms and locations:

    1)  Head        _____        A) Front

    2)  Stern        _____        B)  Left

    3)  FreeBoard _____       C)  Gunnall height

    4)  Bow           _____       D  Right

    5)  Helm         _____       E)  Operating console

    6)  Port           _____       F)  Back

    7)  Starboard   _____      G)  Bathroom

8)  Most boat laws require a ______ per person on board

a.    Seat Cushion

b.    PFD

c.     Whistle

d.    Type 4 device

9)  Boats with motors should have as safety equipment

a.    Fire Extinguisher

b.    Water Bottle

c.     Ropes

d.    Owners manual

 10)                      Unlike cars and trucks, watercraft do not have to be licenced.

a.    True

b.    False

     11)       Your children should wear life jackets at all times when on boats

a.    True

b.    False

 12)         PATONS are

a.    Elderly boaters

b.    Private navigation aids

c.     Coast Guard Cans and Spars

d.    Pay To Own National Surveys

13)      Boating safety courses are

a.    A good idea

b.    Required in all states

c.     Are too costly for the material

d.    Commercial boats only

14)    All boats must have a licenced Captain on board

a.    True

b.    False

   15)    State laws differ in regulations on watercraft

a.    True

b.    False

    16)          I/O refers to

a.    In or Out of gear

b.    Internal combustion exhaust orificaes

c.     A type of drive

d.      Horsepower ratings

 
17)       Bilge pumps

a)    Empty the waste water tanks

b)    Fill the fresh water tanks

c)    Remove water from the engine and sub floor compartments

d)    Remove excess gas fumes

        18)         You should never exceed the rated HP   

         rating for the boat.

a)    True

b)    False

 
19)         Red Right Return means

a)    Never run your engine with a red lite on

b)    Return immediately to port when the engine red light comes on

c)    Stop at buoys with red lights on the top

d)    Keep red buoys on your right when going from sea to shore when navigating waterways

20)   A  spark arrestor is 

a)    A coast Guard officer who issues tickets

b)    Emergency kill switch

c)    Exhaust device for passive fire protection

d)     Dieseleseil engine sparking device

NO Discussion Topics in this issue

PSDM CONTINUING EDUCATION-38

1)   There has been little change in the role of the PSD over the years.

a.     True

b.     False

 
2)   Post tramatic incidents may require the administraton of a _________ provider.

a.     C.S.M.D.

b.     V.S.C.T.

c.      V.S.&P.S.

d.     C.I.S.M.

 
3)    Multi tool usage can be a combination of?

a.     Divers, Boats, television

b.     Sonar, Radios, Rov’s

c.      Mechanical, Electrical, Molecular

 
4)   ________ is a natural reaction to the unknown.

a.     Sweating

b.     Confusion

c.      Panic

d.     Decision Management

 
5)   R.O.V. stands for

a.     Really Outstanding Visions

b.     Reliable Operated Vehicle

c.      Remote Operated Visuals (TV cameras)

d.     Remote Operated Vehicle

6)   Search management is best when using ____

a.     A variety of tools

b.     Only the best tool

c.      Only what you have 

d.     Outside help

 
7)   When Sidescan, SectorScan, ROV’s and diver technology are employed in collaboration

a.     The cost is often prohibitive

b.     An efficient searh and recovery operation can be performed

c.      A single team msut have all the tools

d.     It takes too long to bring the mission to a closure

 
8)   Training thru repetition exercises will cause the diver to ___________.

a.     React Instinctively

b.     Panic most of the time

c.      Cause boredom and loss of skills

d.     Has little value for the PSD

9)   Critical Incident Stress

a.     Occurs immediately at the scene

b.     Can be delayed days

c.      Can be delayed weeks

d.     All of the above

10.     Contaminated water contains

a)    Biological, Chemical or radioactive material

b)    Only human related elements

c)     Is not as harmful as Hazmat water

d)    Requires no special protective barrier

11.     The best way to protect yourself from exposure to contaminated water is _________

a)   A Dry Suit

b)    Dry Suit, FFM

c)     Commercial Diving Suit

d)    Avoid Diving

12. OSHA exemption may protect against a fine however  ________________

a)    Death or Injury can still occur

b)    Civil LawSuits can occur

c)     Exemptiion prevents Injury

d)    A & B but not C

 
Discussion Topics

 A)  Describe the Types of Critical Incidents

 B)   Contrast the usage of Sidescan and SectorScan sonar

 C)   Describe the types of environments that can effect the diving equipment used

 D)   Describe issues that can make changes to your diving SOG/SOP.

 E)   What is the difference between a defusing and an a debriefing